
Prince Raden Saleh visited many European cities, as well as Algiers. While in The Hague (Netherlands), a lion tamer allowed him to study his lions, and subsequently wild animal scenes brought Prince Raden Saleh great fame.
Prince Raden Saleh returned to Indonesia in 1851, having lived in Europe for over 20 years and subsequently married into the family of the powerful Sultan of Yokyakarta. He continued to paint, producing portraits of Javanese aristocrats, and many landscapes. Prince Raden Saleh died on April 23, 1880, after returning from a second extended stay in Europe.
One of Prince Raden Saleh’s most touching creations is his oil painting ‘The Capture of Prince Diponegoro’ which was returned to Indonesia from the Royal Palace of the Netherlands in 1978. It is now on display at the Museum Istana in Jakarta. In the painting, Prince Raden Saleh deliberately made the heads of the Dutch big, a reference to their pomposity and arrogance, and also to make them ‘laughable’ figures in comparison with the well-balanced figures of the Indonesians.
It is believed that the Javanese man covering his face with his hands, standing behind Prince Diponegoro, and the Javanese man standing with his head bowed in the crowd at the bottom of the stairs, are both self-portraits.
A prerequisite for a historical painting during the 19th Century was the existence of a nation, since the nation – not a client – was the address for the topic. Or to put it the other way around: by creating images of national historical events, you created a virtual nation as well. In a way the Dutch created the idea of Netherlands India through paintings like Pieneman’s Subjugation of Diponegoro.

And Raden Saleh created a nation in waiting by painting the Arrest of Diponegoro the way he did. The introduction of the topic historical painting meant the introduction of the idea of nationhood.
By accepting this interpretation of Raden Saleh’s Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro, we have to reinterpret Prince Raden Saleh’s role in Indonesian history as well. He has to be placed right at the beginning of a long line of Indonesian modernizers and proto-nationalist figures.
That his message was little understood by his fellow Javanese has something to do with timing: he stepped too early onto the stage of Javanese social and cultural modernization.
But nevertheless he broke the ground. He proved that Javanese could excel in European cultural techniques as well. The painting was among the first to introduce the topic history and historical painting to Southeast Asian art. It is the first representation, interpretation, and comment on the contemporary.

For the first time a local artist left anonymity to proclaim that it is his job to comment the world. For the first time in Southeast Asian history the artist as a topos established himself in the middle of society and took self-assured his seat in the front row, next to the political elites.
This was an immense modern act. It was the prerequisite for the beginning of a new era, a prerequisite for modernity.
Prince Raden Saleh visited many European cities, as well as Algiers. While in The Hague (Netherlands), a lion tamer allowed him to study his lions, and subsequently wild animal scenes brought Prince Raden Saleh great fame.
Prince Raden Saleh returned to Indonesia in 1851, having lived in Europe for over 20 years and subsequently married into the family of the powerful Sultan of Yokyakarta. He continued to paint, producing portraits of Javanese aristocrats, and many landscapes. Prince Raden Saleh died on April 23, 1880, after returning from a second extended stay in Europe.
One of Prince Raden Saleh’s most touching creations is his oil painting ‘The Capture of Prince Diponegoro’ which was returned to Indonesia from the Royal Palace of the Netherlands in 1978. It is now on display at the Museum Istana in Jakarta. In the painting, Prince Raden Saleh deliberately made the heads of the Dutch big, a reference to their pomposity and arrogance, and also to make them ‘laughable’ figures in comparison with the well-balanced figures of the Indonesians.